Book cover of To Stand and Fight by Martha Biondi

To Stand and Fight

The Struggle for Civil Rights in Postwar New York City

Martha Biondi

The civil rights movement began in the northern cities after the war, years before Montgomery.

Biondi reconstructs the civil rights struggle in New York City in the decade after the Second World War, over jobs, housing, police conduct and segregated unions, and argues that the movement began in the northern cities well before Montgomery.

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Eric Foner

Historian and Professor at Columbia, Columbia University

Biondi’s book makes the counterintuitive point that the modern civil rights movement began in the north, not in the south. It did not begin with the Montgomery bus boycott; it did not begin with the Supreme Court desegregation decision of 1954. In the aftermath of World War II, the civil rights movement came alive in northern cities. She focuses on New York City.

Interview · September 2012

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